William D. Richard, Ph.D.

Associate Professor (Retired)

Education
PhD, Missouri S&T, 1988
MS, Missouri S&T, 1985
BS, Missouri S&T, 1983

Industry Experience
Linscan Systems, Inc.

Research & Teaching
Computer engineering
Medical instrumentation
Ultrasonic Imaging
Ultrasound applications

Memberships
IEEE (Senior Member)
ASEE
Sigma Xi

Honors and Awards
Eta Kappa Nu
Tau Beta Pi
Phi Kappa Phi
Phi Eta Sigma
General Motors Fellow (1986-88)

After joining Washington University in 1988, Professor Richard continued the development of architectures and image processing algorithms for ultrasonic imaging. His 1989 paper on real-time gain correction and his 1994 paper on real-time scan conversion (with Professor Arthur) were key to the development of many low-cost commercial ultrasonic imaging systems. Professor Richard developed a low-cost PCI-bus based system based on these techniques in 1995 for prostate localization during radiation treatment at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and a second system in 1996 to localize brain tumors during neurosurgery at the Cleveland Clinic as part of the CAMIS (Computer-Assisted Minimally-Invasive Surgery) project.

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) ultrasound probes developed by Professor Richard, which require only a laptop or tablet to form a complete ultrasonic imaging system, were named by Popular Science Magazine as one of the Best 100 Innovations of 2006. The same year, the International Academy of Science named the USB probes one of the top 10 finalists for their "Technology of the Year Award." With funding from Microsoft Research, Professor Richard combined his USB probes with a Windows Mobile (TM) smartphone to develop the first smartphone-based ultrasound imaging system. The commercial version of this system was the first smartphone-based diagnostic device cleared by the FDA, and it was named by Popular Science as one of the Best 100 Innovations of 2012.

Professor Richard was awarded a patent on a novel technique for real-time synthetic focus ultrasound imaging in 2004. He served on the editorial board for Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics for over twenty years.

Professor Richard regularly taught the undergraduate computer engineering logic design course CSE 260M, the undergraduate computer engineering architecture course CSE 362M, and the capstone senior computer engineering design course CSE 462M.

Patents

W.D. Richard, "Apparatus and System for Real-Time Synthetic Focus Ultrasonic Imaging," US Patent 6,719,693, Issued April 2004.

Journal Publications

W.D. Richard, "Efficent Parallel Real-Time Upsampling with Xilinx FPGAs," Xilinx Xcell Journal, Issue 89, 2014.

D.D. Limbrick, S. Lake, M. Talcott, B. Alexander, S. Wight, J. Willie, W.D. Richard, G. Genin, E.C. Leuthardt, "The Baric Probe: A Novel Long-Term Implantable Intracranial Pressure Monitor with Ultrasound-Based Interrogation," Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 518-524, December, 2012.

W.A. Steelman and W.D. Richard, "Performance of a New GPU-Based Scan-Conversion Algorithm Implemented Using OpenGL," Ultrasonic Imaging, vol. 33, pp. 143-150, 2011.

W.D. Richard, D.M. Zar, and R. Solek, "A Low-Cost B-Mode USB Ultrasound Probe," Ultrasonic Imaging, vol. 30, pp. 21-28, 2008.

L. Sun, X. Xu, W.D. Richard, C. Feng, J.A. Johnson, and K.K. Shung, "A High-Frame Rate Duplex Ultrasound BioMicroscopy for Small Animal Imaging In Vivo," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 2039-2049, August, 2008.

L. Sun, W.D. Richard, J.M. Cannata, C.C. Feng, J.A. Johnson, J.T. Yen, and K.K. Shung, "A High-Frame Rate High-Frequency Ultrasonic System for Cardiac Imaging in Mice," IEEE Transactions on Ultrasaonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 54, pp. 1648-1655, 2007.

W.D. Richard, "A Scalable Architecture for Real-Time Synthetic-Focus Imaging," Ultrasonic Imaging, vol. 25, pp. 151-161, 2003.

W.D. Richard, D.M. Zar, E.L. LaPresto, and C.P. Steiner, "A Low-Cost PCI-Bus-Based Ultrasound System for Use in Image-Guided Neurosurgery," Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 23, no. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1999.

W.D. Richard, D.E. Taylor, and D.M. Zar, "A Capstone Computer Engineering Design Course," IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 42, pp. 288-294, Nov. 1999.

W.D. Richard and C.G. Keen, "Automated Texture-Based Segmentation of Ultrasound Images of the Prostate," Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 131-140, May-June 1996.

W.D. Richard, J.R. Cox Jr., A.M. Engebretson, J. Fritts, B.L. Gottlieb, and C. Horn, "Production Quality Video Over Broadband Networks: A System Description and Two Interactive Applications," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communication, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 806-815, June 1995.

W.D. Richard and R.M. Arthur, "Real-Time Ultrasonic Scan Conversion via Linear Interpolation of Oversampled Vectors," Ultrasonic Imaging, vol. 16, pp. 109-123, April 1994.

W.D. Richard, J.W. Trobaugh, K.R. Smith, and R.D. Bucholz, "Frameless Stereotactic Ultrasonography: Method and Applications," Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 18, no. 4, 235-246, 1994.

W.D. Richard, J.W. Trobaugh, and D.T. Trobaugh, "Three-Dimensional Imaging with Stereotactic Ultrasonography," Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 18, no. 5, 315-323, 1994.

W.D. Richard and R.O. Gregory, "A GaAsFET SPICE Model for Active Filter Tuning Purposes," International Journal of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Computer-Aided Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 175-183, April 1994.

W.D. Richard, C.K. Grimmell, K. Bedigan, and K.J. Frank, "A Method for Three-Dimensional Prostate Imaging Using Transrectal Ultrasound," Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 73-79, March-April 1993.

W.D. Richard, P. Costa, and K. Sato, "The Washington University Broadband Terminal," Special Issue on High-Speed Host/Network Interface, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 276-282, Feb. 1993.

W.D. Richard, J.R. Cox, B. Gottlieb, and K. Krieger, "The Washington University Multimedia System," ACM Multimedia Systems, vol. 1, pp. 120-131, 1993.

W.D. Richard and J.S. Prater, "Segmenting Ultrasound Images of the Prostate Using Neural Networks," Ultrasonic Imaging, vol. 14, pp. 159-185, April 1992.

W.D. Richard, "An Educational Image Processing/Machine Vision System," IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 34, pp. 129-131, Feb. 1991.

W.D. Richard, "A New Time-Gain Correction Method for Standard B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 8, pp. 283-285, Sept. 1989.

Conference Publications

W.D. Richard, "Using Babbage's Difference Engine to Introduce Computer Architecture," Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Microelectronic Systems Education, Lake Louise, Canada, May 11-12, 2017.

W.D. Richard, D.M. Zar, S. Chutani, and R. Solek, "FDA-Approved Smartphone Ultrasound System," 36th International Symposium on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization, Arlington, Virginia, June 13th, 2011.

W.D. Richard and D.M. Zar, "USB Probes for Use With Cell Phones," 34th International Symposium on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization, Arlington, Virginia, June 10th, 2009.

W.A. Steelman and W.D. Richard, "OpenGL-Assisted Scan Conversion," 34th International Symposium on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization, Arlington, Virginia, June 10th, 2009.

W.D. Richard, D.M. Zar, R. Solek, and R. Edens, "USB Ultrasound Probe for Vascular Access, 33rd International Symposium on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization, Arlington, Virginia, May 16th, 2008.

W.D. Richard, D.M. Zar and R. Solek, "A Low-cost B-Mode USB Ultrasound Probe," 32nd International Symposium on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization, Arlington, Virginia, May 18th, 2007.

W.A. Steelman and W.D. Richard, "Targeted Detection and Treatment of Prostate Cancer," 32nd International Symposium on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization, Arlington, Virginia, May 18th, 2007.

F.J. Kuhns, J. DeHart, A. Kantawala, R. Keller, J. Lockwood, P. Pappu, W.D. Richard, D. Taylor, J. Parwatikar., E. Spitznagel, J. Turner, and K. Wong, "Design and Evaluation of a High-Performance Dynamically Extensible Router," Proceedings of the 2002 DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition (DANCE 2002), pp. 42-64, IEEE Computer Society Press, May 29-31, 2002, San Francisco, California, USA.

W.D. Richard and D.E. Taylor, "Development of an FPGA-Based South Bridge Using Spectrum and ModelSim," Proceedings of the Mentor Graphics Users' Group 16th Annual International Conference: Designing in the Real World, Portland, Oregon, October 2-4, 2000.

C.P. Steiner, E. Lapresto, J.F. Hahn, and W.D. Richard, "Surgical Navigation Using Pre-Operative and Intra-Operative Imaging Devices," Proceedings SPIE: Image-Guided Surgery and Real-Time Diagnostic Feedback Systems: OR of the 21st Century, San Jose, California, January 28th, 1998.

R. Campbell, M. Carol, B. Curran, R. Huber, R. Nash, W.D. Richard, and B. Rosen, "The Use of Position Sensing, Ultrasound Imaging, and Dose Distribution Information for Improving Treatment Room Setup Accuracy," American Association of Physicists in Medicine Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, July 27-31, 1997.

R.C. Campbell M. Carol, B.H. Curran, R. Hubner, R. Nash, B. Rosen, and W.D. Richard, "The Application of Positional and Dose Distribution Information in the Treatment Room," XII International Conference on Computers in Radiology (ICCR), Salt Lake City, Utah, May 27-30, 1997.

W.D. Richard, J.R. Cox, Jr., A.M. Engebretson, J. Fritts, B.L. Gottlieb, and C. Horn, "Production Quality Video Over Broadband Networks: A Description of the System and Two Interactive Applications," Proceedings of the IEEE Gigabit Networking Workshop GBN '94, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June, 1994.

F.J. Rosenbaum, R.O. Gregory, W.D. Richard, F.G. Kuhns, and T.M. Trimble, "An MMIC Twin-Tee Active Bandpass Filter," Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Monolithic Circuits Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, June 14-15, 1993, pp. 163-166, and IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, June 1993, pp. 361-364.

W.D. Richard and D.M. Zar, "A CMOS VLSI Linear Interpolation Chip for Ultrasonic Imaging," Proceedings of the Annual ASEE Conference, pp. 681-685, Urbana, Illinois, June 21-24, 1993.

D.M. Zar and W.D. Richard, "A Scan Conversion Engine for Standard B-Mode Ultrasonic Imaging," Proceedings of the Annual ASEE Conference, pp. 686-690, Urbana, Illinois, June 21-24, 1993.

R.D. Bucholz, J.W. Trobaugh, and W.D. Richard, "Three-Dimensional Intraoperative Ultrasonography Using an Operative Digitizer," Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, pp. 149, Washington, D.C., April 24-29, 1993.

J.R. Cox, G.J. Blaine, M.W. Dubetz, K. Krieger, R.G. Jost, S.M. Moore, W.D. Richard, J.S. Turner, and A. Winterbauer, "A Demonstration of Medical Communications Based on ATM Broadband Network Technology," Proceedings of Medical Imaging VI: PACS Design and Evaluation, SPIE vol. 1654, pp. 44-53, Newport Beach, California, February 24-27, 1992.

W.D. Richard, "ATM Video Transmission: Considerations and an Implementation," Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, pp. 207-210, San Diego, California, June 8-10, 1992.

W.D. Richard and J.S. Prater, "Imaging the Prostate in 3-D Using Transrectal Ultrasound: Additional Work," 16th International Symposium on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization, Arlington, Virginia, June 4th, 1991.

W.D. Richard and C.K. Grimmell, "Imaging the Prostate in 3-D Using Transrectal Ultrasound," 15th International Symposium on Ultrasonic Imaging and Tissue Characterization, Arlington, Virginia, June 13th, 1990.

W.D. Richard, "A PC-Based Educational Image Processing System," Proceedings of the 24th Annual ASEE Midwest Sectional Meeting, Edited by N.D. Eckhoff, pp. 137-142, Manhattan, Kansas, March 22-24, 1989.

W.D. Richard, "An Image Display System for Educational Use," Proceedings of the 31st Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Edited by R.E. Stuffle and L.R. Laub, pp. 1027-1030, St. Louis, Missouri, August 9-12, 1988.

W.D. Richard, "A Surgical Ultrasound System Using an Embedded Personal Computer," ACOUSTICAL IMAGING '87, Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging, Edited by L.W. Kessler, pp. 197-208, Chicago, Illinois, June 10-12, 1987.

D.F. Dawson, K.L. Hambacker, W.D. Richard, and P.A. Scandura, "Two FORTH-Based Design Applications - An Intelligent EPROM Programmer and the Handi-Type Display Unit," Proceedings of the 28th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Louisville, Kentucky, August, 1985.

Technical Reports

W.D. Richard, "Efficent Parallel Real-Time Upsampling of Ultrasound Vectors," Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technical Report 2013-14, St. Louis, Missouri, 2013.

F.G. Kuhns, J.D. Dehart, R. Keller, J.W. Lockwood, P. Pappu, J.K. Parwatikar, E. Spitznagel, W.D. Richard, D.E. Taylor, J.S. Turner, and K.F. Wong, "Implementation of an Open Multi-Service Router," Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science Technical Report WUCS-01-20, St. Louis, Missouri, August, 2001.

J.D. DeHart, W.D. Richard, E.W. Spitznagel, and D.E. Taylor, "The Smart Port Card: An Embedded Unix Processor Architecture for Network Management and Active Networking," Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science Technical Report WUCS-TM-01-18, St. Louis, Missouri, July, 2001.

W.D. Richard, "The Gigabit Switch Link Interface Specification," Washington University in St. Louis Applied Research Laboratory Technical Report ARL-94-17, St. Louis, Missouri, January, 1995.

W.D. Richard, J.R. Cox, Jr., A.M. Engebretson, J. Fritts, B. Gottlieb, and C. Horn, "Production Quality Video Over Broadband Networks: A Description of the System and Two Interactive Applications," Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science Technical Report WUCS-94-20, St. Louis, Missouri, July, 1994.

W.D. Richard, J.R. Cox, Jr., A.M. Engebretson, J. Fritts, B. Gottlieb, and C. Horn, "The Washington University Multimedia Explorer," Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science Technical Report WUCS-93-40, St. Louis, Missouri, August, 1993.

W.D. Richard, J.R. Cox, Jr., B. Gottlieb, and K. Krieger, "The Washington University Multimedia System," Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science Technical Report WUCS-93-01, St. Louis, Missouri, January, 1993.

D.M. Zar, and W.D. Richard, "Mini-ATMizer User's Guide and Technical Manual," Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science Technical Report WUCS-92-50, St. Louis, Missouri, November, 1992.

W.D. Richard, "Testing the TAXI," Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science Technical Report WUCS-90-14, St. Louis, Missouri, March, 1990.

W.D. Richard, "The Video Link Design Study," Washington University in St. Louis Department of Computer Science Technical Report WUCS-89-39, St. Louis, Missouri, September, 1989.

Book Chapters

D.A. Perednia, W.V. Stoecker, W.D. Richard, and A. Zemtsov, "Digital Imaging: Nonvisible Modalities," Chapter 9, Computer Applications in Dermatology, pp. 70-84, Edited by W.V. Stoecker, Igaku-Shoin, New York/Tokyo, 1993.

Broadcast/Cable TV Interviews

W.D. Richard, "High Tech, Low Cost," CNBC Street Smarts: The Tech Effect, Interviewed along with Dr. Barry Goldberg by Erin Burnett, May 13th, 2009, 1:42 p.m. E.T.